Horizontal trend: First ionisation energies increase going to the right in a period. This is due to an increase in the atomic mass (and number of protons) and hence in …
The overall reaction is 2I-(aq) +2H2O(l) --> I2(aq) + H2(g) + 2OH-(aq), the anode reaction is 2I-(aq) --> …
The functional group on the right side of the benzene ring is an ether, which does not react with base. The functional group on the left is an amide. …
NO2 is a strongly electron withdrawing group, making the ring more electrophilic (pi withdrawing).NMe2 is a strongly electron donating group, making the ring more nucleophilic (pi donating).These changes are most …
A. A the simplest alcohol, known as methanol, and is of high industrial and everyday life use. We start by drawing the Lewis structure for this organic compound (not sure …
This is the sort of question you are likely to stumble across in an IB HL Paper 2 examination. It would probably carry a few more marks and thus require …
Hybridisation is a chemical phenomenon that occurs in certain atoms, whereby atomic orbitals 'mix' or 'hybridise' from their usual arrangement to form a more energetically-favourable orbital arrangement. Consider the molecule …
A quick way to remember this is BENDO MEX:
Breaking bonds is ENDOthermic = +ve enthalpy change
Making bonds is EXothermic = -ve enthalpy change
Here, we have to focus on the term strong acid. It is defined as an acid that is dissolved completely in an aqueous solution. We say that the reaction of …
Elements in the group one (i.e. alkali metals from lithium to francium) exhibit metallic bonding: the positive nuclei are held together thanks to the attraction to delocalised electrons. As the …
Several d-metal complexes show colour. This is because their d-orbitals are not degerate in energy levels. Instead the d-orbitals split, some having higher energy than average and some lower than …
For a reaction to be spontaneous delta G has to be negative according to the equation delta G = delta H - TdeltaS. Therefore if the temperature of a reaction …
PH scal is a logarithmic scale which means PH 3 is10 times more concentrated in hydrogen ions then PH4. PH scale is therefore the negative of hydrogen concentration. Now When …
This question deals with the properties of substances and how they relate to their internal structure.
First, we of course need to understand what the property we are asked to …
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentration of the reactants, the action of a catalyst and the temperature. If we change the concentration of the reactantants, the …
This questions relies on understanding of electronegativity, instantaneous dipoles and temporary induced dipoles.Van der Waal's forces (also called London Dispersion Forces) are weak intermolecular forces between molecules.Electronegativity is the measure …
The easiest way to answer this question is by using the equation pH + pOH = 14.
Firstly, we need to work out the number of moles of OH- …
Benzene has a resonance structure while cyclohexane consists of only single bonds of the same length. Benzene's resonance structure means it has intermediate bond lengths and strengths. This means average …
The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is used to describe the fact that at a given temperature the individual atoms of an ideal gas are not all moving at the same velocity and …
Ammonia acts as the Lewis base in this reaction by donating its lone pair of electrons, whilst Cu2+ (which is an electron deficient, electrophile) accepts the lone pair of electrons …