Salt Analysis Formulas

Analytical Chemistry is one of the important parts of the chemistry subject as it deals with qualitative analysis of inorganic compounds. So, get a grip on the concept of salt analysis by using the list of salt analysis formulas provided over here. By referring to the Salt Analysis Formulae Sheet, students can easily memorize the concept formulas and apply them whenever required during the calculations. Once take a look at the below complete list of Salt Analysis Formulas and Salt Analysis Formulae Tables & ace up your subject learnings.

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Salt Analysis Formulae Cheat Sheet | Tables for Salt Analysis Formulas

Want to get familiar with all concept formulas of salt analysis? then referring to the provided list of salt analysis formulas is the best option for all students who are preparing for the chemistry exam. Do memorize all these formulas of sat analysis and apply them correctly during the calculations. Stick to this page and avail full list of Salt Analysis Formulas from here without any fail.

Analytical chemistry involves qualitative analysis of inorganic compounds.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SALTS

OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Substance is coloured

(a) Light pink

 

Hydrated salt of Mn

(b) Reddish pink Hydrated salt of Co (II)
(c) Red HgO, Hgl2, Pb3O4,
(d) Orange red Sb2S3, some dichromates and ferricyanides
(e) Reddish brown Fe2O3
(f) Dark brown PbO2, Bi2S3 CdO, Ag2O, CuCrO4, SnS
(g) Light Yellow or brown Chromates, As2S3, As2S5, AgBr, Agl, PbI2
CdS, SnS2, a few iodides and ferrocyanides
(h) Green K2MnO4, Ni salts, hydrated ferrous salts,
some Cu (II) Compounds
(i) Dark green Salt of Cr (III)
(j) Blue Hydrated CuSO4, Anhydrous CaSO4
(k) Black Sulphides of Ag(I), Cu(I),
Cu(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Co(II)
Hg(II), and Pb(II), Mn02,
Fe3O4, FeO, CuO, Co3O4, Ni2O3
(l) Light yellow or brown Ferric salts
2. Substance smells
(a) Ammoniacal smell
Ammonium carbonates and other ammonium salts.
(b) Bitter almond type Cyanides
(c) Vinegar or acetic acid type Acetates
(d) Chlorine gas smell Hypochlorites
3. Solution is coloured
(a) Green or blue
Ni2+. Fe2+, Cr3+, and Cu2+
(b) Pink Co2+ and Mn2+
(c) Yellow CrO42- Fe3+, [Fe(CN)6]4-
(d) Orange or purple Dichromates (orange), permanganates (purple)
4. Substance is heavy Salts of Pb, Hg and Ba
5. Substance is light Carbonates of Mg, Al, Zn, Ca, Sr, Bi
6. Substance is wet ZnCl2, MgCl2, MnCl2, nitrites, nitrates, CaCl2
7. Insoluble precipitates which are insoluble in cone, acids
(a) White BaSO4, SrSO4, PbSO4,
CaF2, AgCl, SnO2, Sb2O4 and Al2O3
(b) Yellow AgBr, Agl, BaCrO4
Green CrO3, Cr2(SO4)3
Black HgS
Violet CrCl3
Dark red Fe2O3

HEATING EFFECTS ON VARIOUS SALTS

OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Substance decrepitates (crackling noise) NaCl, KI, Pb(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2
2. Substance melts Salts of alkali metals and salts having water of crystallization
3. Substance swells (due to loss of water of crystallizations) Alums, borates and phosphates
4. The substance sublimes and the colour of sublimate is-
(a) White
(b) Yellow
(c) Blue black and violet vapours
 

Hg2Cl2, NH4X, AlCl3, HgCl2, As2O3, Sb2O3
As2S3 and HgI2 (turns red when rubbed with glass rod)
Iodides

5. A residue (generally oxides) is left & its colour is-
(a) Yellow (hot) and White (cold)
(b) Reddish Brown (hot); Yellow (cold)
(c) Black (hot); Red (cold)
(d) Black (hot) ; Red Brown (cold)
ZnO
PbO
HgO, Pb3O4
Fe2O3
6. Gas is evolved –
(i) Colourless & odourless
(a) CO2 – turns lime water milky
(b) O2 – rekindles a glowing splinter
(c) N2 – (Inactive)
Carbonates and oxalates
(CaCO3 → CaO + CO2)
Alkali nitrates
(2KNO3 → 2KNO2 + O2)
Ammonium nitrite
(NH4NO2 → N2 + 2H2O)
(ii) Colourless gas with odour –
(a) NH3 – turns red litmus blue and mercurous nitrate paper black
(b ) SO2 – Smell of burning sulphur, turns acidified K2Cr2O7 paper green
(c) HCl-Pungent smell, white fumes with ammonia
(d) H2S – Smell of rotten eggs, turns lead acetate paper black
Ammonium salts
(NH4)2SO4 → NH4HSO4 + NH,
Sulphites and thiosulphates
CaSO3 → CaO – SO2
Hydrated chlorides
CaCl2.6H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 4H2O + 2HCl
Sulphides
Na2S + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2S
(iii) Coloured gas –
(A) NO2 – Brown, turns starch iodide paper blue
(B) Br2 – Reddish Brown
(a) turns starch paper yellow
(b) turns starch iodide paper blue
(C) I2 – Violet, turns starch paper blue
(D) Cl2 – Greenish yellow,
(a) bleaches moist litmus paper
(b) bleaches indigo solution
(c) turns starch iodide paper blue
Nitrites and nitrates of heavy metals
2Cu (NO3)2 → 2CuO + 4NO2+ O2
Bromides
2 CdBr2 + O2 → 2CdO + 2Br2
Iodides
2CdI2 + O2 → 2CdO + 2I2
Chlorides
CuCl2 + H2O → CuO + 2HCl
CuO + 2HCl → Cu + H2O + Cl2

SEPARATION OF BASIC RADICALS INTO GROUPS
Salt Analysis formulas img 1
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DRY TESTS:
These tests give clear indication of the presence of certain radicals –

Flame test

Colour of Flame Inference
Pale greenish Pb
Green with a blue centre Cu
Apple green Ba
Crimson red Sr, Li
Brick red Ca
Pink-violet (Lilac) K
Golden yellow Na
Violet Rb, Cs
Liquid blue As, Sb, Bi

Borax Bead Test:
Salt Analysis formulas img 3
Salt Analysis formulas img 4

Microcosmic salt bead test:
Salt Analysis formulas img 5
Salt Analysis formulas img 6

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