Have you ever wondered how surfaces play an active role in the Colloid formation, Coagulation, etc.? Then, let's get into this article and explore more about the Surface Chemistry And Colloidal State concept. You have to face this concept not only in chemistry examinations but also in industries and day to day lives. By the list of Surface Chemistry And Colloidal State Formulas, you can make your equations or calculations done easily & effortlessly.
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1. Colloidal is a heterogeneous system of two phases dispersed phase and dispersion medium.
2. Particle size:
3. Solid [gas(smoke, liquid (sol.), solid (solid sol.)]
4. Liquid [gas(aerosol), liquid (emulsion), solid (gel)]
5. Gas [gas(no colloid), liquid (foam), solid (solid foam)]
6. Preparation of colloids
[(i) Mechanical dispersion, (ii) Bredig’s arc method, (iii)
Peptization]
[(i) Oxidation, (ii) Reduction, (iii) Hydrolysis, (iv) Double
decomposition, (v) solvent exchange]
7. Purification
8. Properties Brownian movement – Constant rapid zig-zag motion of colloids particles
9. Tyndall effect – Scattering of light by colloidal particles
10. Electrophoresis – Movement of light by colloidal particles towards either of the oppositively charged electrodes
11. Coagulation – Precipitation of colloidal particles is known as coagulation.
12. Hardy and Schulz rule:
“Higher is the valency of active ion, the greater is its coagulating
power”
[Al3+ > Ba+2 > Na+] [PO43- > SO43- > Cl–]
13. Charge on colloidal particle
Preferential adsorption of common negative or positive ion which are
present in excess in the system.
Actually an electrical double layer is formed of ions of opposite
sign at the surface of colloidal particles.
Corresponding potential difference is called zeta potential.
e.g. [Fe(OH)3] Fe3+ : 3 Cl [double layer]
[As2S3]S2- : 2H–
[double layer]
14. Emulsion: Colloidal soln. of two immiscible liquids [O/W emulsion, W/O emulsion]
15. Emulsifier: Long chain hydrocarbons are added to stabilize emulsion.
16. Flocculation value: Minimum concentration of electrolyte required to cause coagulation or flocculation of sol. (millimole L-1)
17. Lyophilic colloid:
Starchy gum, gelatin have greater affinity for solvent. Sol. can be
easily prepared by bringing in contact with solvent and warming.
18. Lyophobic colloid: No affinity for solvent, special methods are used to prepare sol. [e.g. As>sub>2S3, Fe (OH)3 sol]
19. Gold number: Number of milligrams of the protective colloids which prevents coagulation of 10 ml of a given gold sol when 1 ml of 10% solution of NaCl is added to it.
20. Electroendosmosis: Electrophoretic flow of dispersed particle prevented and medium can be made to move under the influence of applied potential.
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