Atoms in a metal are arranged in a lattice formation. What is a lattice? Imagine a grid (squares on a sheet of graph paper for example) where there is a …
To answer this question it is easiest to firstly define both a weak and strong acid.
A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates into its component ions in …
To explain a racemic mixture it is firstly necessary to explain what an enantiomer is.
Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. An enantiomer has no …
The relative formula mass of a compound is simple to calculate once you know how.
It is very similar to the atomic mass of an element, except instead of only …
Enzymes are known as biological catalyst and work by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. They do this by providing an alternative pathway which speeds up the reaction without …
If you add an acid to a metal oxide you get a salt and water. For example: HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl + H2O
This is because the reaction taking place is a displacement reaction, meaning that one element is being displaced by another.
So what is being displaced?:
If you look at …
Ionic bonding occurs when transfer of electrons takes place. One atom (or molecule) donates one or more electrons to another. Since electrons have a negative charge, this leaves the donating …
Covalent bonds are formed between two non-metals, while ionic bonds are formed between a metal and a non-metal. Both types of bonds involve forming complete outer electron shells.Covalent bond: …
A mole is simply a unit of measurement of any substance that contains as many atoms as there are in 12 grams of Carbon-12.
Why Carbon-12?
Carbon-12 is the standard …
One hydrogen (-H) from the alcohol group (-OH) on the alcohol breaks off and joins with the alcohol (-OH) group that breaks off of the carboxylic acid (-COOH).
So the …
To begin, it is important to note that each of these three types of bonding is very strong.
Both ionic and metallic bonding rely on electrostatic forces of attraction between …
METAL STRUCTURE
All metals have similar properties BUT, there can be wide variations in melting point, boiling point, density, electrical conductivity and physical strength.
To explain the physical properties of …
Ionic compounds are compounds held together by ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are created when one element (usually a metal) loses an electron to a non metal. The element that loses …
Elements of group 0 are called noble gases. These elements have stable arrangements of electrons in their outermost shell. The chemical reactivity of a group highly depends on the number …
Oxidation and Reduction forms the basis of Redox reactions - where electrons are exchanged between reactants to form new products.
Oxidation is the LOSS of electrons. Eg: Fe2+ - …
Molecules are very small, much smaller than we can see with our eyes. For this reason, we can’t simply just count the number of molecules in a sample by looking …
Metals have a number of physical properties which make them useful to us in society, and which you will be familiar with from everyday experience. By considering the structure and …
Acids are substances that dissolve in water to generate an excess of H+ ions. They react with bases to produce a salt and water. With metal carbonates, products include …