General Organic Chemistry Formulas

A lot of you might consider Organic Chemistry difficult due to its immense number of equations. Once you learn the formulas you will feel it quite simple and no longer difficult. With proper grip on the list of important formulas for General Organic Chemistry nothing can stop you from achieving stronger subject knowledge as well as higher grades in your exams. Gain deeper insights into the topics of Organic Chemistry with our GOC Formula Sheet & Tables.

e.g. → \(\stackrel{\ominus}{\mathrm{N}}\) H, \(\stackrel{\ominus}{\mathrm{O}}\), -CH₂ – CH₂, – CH₃ etc Eq. \(\stackrel{\oplus}{\mathrm{N}}\) H₃, OH^–, NO₂, ^–CH = CH₂ etc
→ It is developed by partial displacement of shared pair of electron.
→ It is distance dependent


Eq → \(\stackrel{\ominus}{\mathrm{N}}\)H , NH₂, OH, CH = CH₂ etc Eq → CH = O, C ≡ N, etc
→ It is developed by complete transfer of π-electron

Comparision of +I Power

• Anion > C_sp³
• In alkyl gp; +I ∝ Branching
• If branching is same, then +I ∝ no of carbon

Comperision of -I Power

• Cation > neutral gp.
• -I ∝ \(\frac{1}{size}\)
• If size almost same (same period)
  (-I ∝ E.N)

Comparision of + m Power

• Anion > neutral gp.
• +m ∝ \(\frac{1}{size}\)
• If size almost same +m ∝ \(\frac{1}{E.N.}\)

Comparision of m & I effect

• Charge developed m effect is greater than charge developed by I effect.
• Except hologen, m effect dominant over I effect.
• In benzene ring M effect work at o/p position while I effect.

work at all three o, m, p position, however intensity of effect.
↓ as distance ↑

Application:
(1)

(2)

(3) Stability of Reaction intermediate:

Hybridisation
Method – 1:

No of π bond	hybridisation
0	sp3
1	sp2
2	sp

Method – 2:

No. of ep.	hybridisation
2	sp
3	sp2
4	sp3

ep = bp + lp
bp → no of CT bond of hybrid atom
lp → (i) when C carry + ve or radical then lp is zero
(ii) When C carry – ve, then lp is one
When lp or -ve charge present in conjugation then their atom always present in sp² hybridised state.

Aromaticity	Anti Aromaticity
Cyclic	cyclic
Planner	Planner
Conjugation	Conjugation
4n + 2 = πe	4n = πe
n = 0, 1, 2, 3 …..	n = 1, 2, 3 …….

Note: Such molecule in which all the connecting
⇒ Position present in sp or sp² hybridised state is said to be planner molecule.
⇒ More than 7C ring are normally non planner.

Hvperconiugation

Stability of free radical, alkene, carbocation ∝ Hyperconjugation ∝ no of α-H

Heat of hydrogenation (ΔH) ∝ Reactivity of alkene
∝ \(\frac{1}{\text { stability of alkene }}\)
⇒ Reactivity of E.S.R ∝ Activating power
∝ – ve charge on benzene ring
⇒ Reactivity of E.AR ∝ – ve charge on alkene
∝ stability of carbocation
⇒ Reactivity N.A.R ∝ + ve charge on the C of > C = O gp.
⇒ Reactivity of halide ∝ stability of carbocation
⇒ Reactivity of alcohol ∝ stability of carbocation towards HX
⇒ Rate of De-carboxylation ∝ stability of carboanion
⇒ Reactivity of F.R.S.R ∝ Stability of C-free radical
⇒ Reactivity of N.S.R ∝ Power of leaving gp.
⇒ Rate of Dehydration ∝ stability of carbocation
⇒ Rate of De-hydrohalogination ∝ stability of carbocation

Leaving gp
weaker base are better leaving gp.

Nucleophilicity (N.S.)

Electrophile

Necleophile

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